The Impact of National Culture on Innovation: A Comparative Analysis between Developed and Developing Nations during the Pre- and Post-Crisis Period 2007–2021

This empirical study investigates the impact of Hofstede cultural dimensions (HCD) on Global Innovation Index (GII) scores in four different years (2007, 2009, 2019 and 2021) to compare impacts during pre- post-crisis (financial COVID-19) period by employing ordinary least square (OLS) robust (Robust) analyses. The purpose this is identify factors innovation development for income groups period. We found that, general, same properties were required countries enhance inputs outputs regardless periods time variances. significant (driving forces) performance do not change over time. However, our results revealed that crisis itself but group (either developed or developing) factor influences relationship between innovation. It also worth noting have lost much their innovation, particularly developing countries, recent periods. highly likely terms no can significantly output without construction appropriate systems.